|
|
Effect of abacavir on the expression of nucleoside transporters, adenosine receptors, and enzymes involved in adenosine synthesis and biodegradation in trophoblasts
Gala, Viktor ; Červený, Lukáš (advisor) ; Čečková, Martina (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Viktor Gala Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Lukáš Červený, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Effect of abacavir on the expression of nucleoside transporters, adenosine receptors, and enzymes involved in adenosine synthesis and biodegradation in trophoblasts The nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) abacavir (ABC) is now the mainstay of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) for HIV in pregnant women. The introduction of cART, along with several other measures, has reduced mother-to-fetus transmission of HIV to less than 1% in recent years. The placenta is a key organ for the health of both the fetus and the mother. Imbalances in placental development can result in adaptive changes and fetal programming errors. cART recommended in pregnancy is known for its good safety profile, but some epidemiological studies suggest a higher risk of reduced fetal weight, preterm birth, etc. The placenta is a rapidly growing organ dependent on the supply of building materials that resembles tumor growth in certain aspects. Nucleosides are promoters of tumor proliferation and are involved in the development of immunotolerance. The placenta is complexly equipped for nucleoside synthesis, uptake,...
|
|
|
MHC and KIR genotyping of macaques in HIV infection research
Matula, Jan ; Maděránková, Denisa (referee) ; Sedlář, Karel (advisor)
Modern research of viral diseases relies on genomic data processing. Not only is the sequence of a virus important, genomic sequence of specific receptors in affected organisms also plays an important role. In this paper, a novel package for processing of next generation sequencing data in infectious disease written using R/Bioconductor language is proposed. Functionality of the package, including implementation of advanced SSAHA algorithm for fast database searches, is demonstrated using genotyping of genes for MHC and KIR receptors of HIV positive macaques.
|
|
|
Postoj žáků středních odborných škol k homosexualitě
Kurej, Josef
The central topic of the bachelor's thesis is to find out what opinion students of secondary vocational schools have about homosexuality in the social sphere, homosexual parenting, the job classification of homosexuals and in the sphere of friendship with homosexuals. The theoretical part of the bachelor's thesis briefly describes the history and present of sexuality, divides sexual orientations into different groups, and mainly deals with homosexuality, homosexual behavior and possible risks of sexually transmitted diseases.
|
|
|
Public awareness about AIDS
Müllerová, Ilona ; Vinopal, Jiří (advisor) ; Kyselá, Eva (referee)
The aim of this study is to assess the status of HIV positive people in society. To reach the goal and for introducing a whole continuation of HIV positive status will be used interpretation and analysis of research from the very first to the very latest. Research that will appear in the work, are aimed at knowledge and attitudes towards HIV-positive people. In order to capture the continuation of knowledge and attitudes to HIV / AIDS at the time, researches are presented chronologically, and the last one is my own survey. The sense of this study is to pay attention to the problem of stigma and discrimination against people with HIV. HIV / AIDS issue is a complex problem that affects a wide range of scientific disciplines, so the study includes apart from sociological discourses topics of medicine, law and psychology. Key words: HIV, AIDS, homosexuality, drug use, prevention, stigmatization
|
|
|
Effect of abacavir on the expression of nucleoside transporters, adenosine receptors, and enzymes involved in adenosine synthesis and biodegradation in trophoblasts
Gala, Viktor ; Červený, Lukáš (advisor) ; Čečková, Martina (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Viktor Gala Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Lukáš Červený, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Effect of abacavir on the expression of nucleoside transporters, adenosine receptors, and enzymes involved in adenosine synthesis and biodegradation in trophoblasts The nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) abacavir (ABC) is now the mainstay of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) for HIV in pregnant women. The introduction of cART, along with several other measures, has reduced mother-to-fetus transmission of HIV to less than 1% in recent years. The placenta is a key organ for the health of both the fetus and the mother. Imbalances in placental development can result in adaptive changes and fetal programming errors. cART recommended in pregnancy is known for its good safety profile, but some epidemiological studies suggest a higher risk of reduced fetal weight, preterm birth, etc. The placenta is a rapidly growing organ dependent on the supply of building materials that resembles tumor growth in certain aspects. Nucleosides are promoters of tumor proliferation and are involved in the development of immunotolerance. The placenta is complexly equipped for nucleoside synthesis, uptake,...
|
|
|
Synthesis of peptides as potential ligands of aspartate protease HIV and MAY1 and confirmation of their inhibitory activity
Klikarová, Ivana ; Šácha, Pavel (advisor) ; Žáková, Lenka (referee)
The lentivirus known as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is transmitted through blood and body fluids, causing the destruction of CD4 lymphocytes and leading to opportunistic infections that define acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The urgent need for new antiretroviral drugs stems from concerns about the long-term toxicity of existing drugs, HIV-1 variants resistant to treatment, and frequent changes in patient treatment. Drug development is focused on inhibitors of two viral enzymes, reverse transcriptase and protease. Antiretroviral therapy uses protease inhibitors in combination with nucleoside analogs to effectively suppress viral replication, prolonging the lives of HIV-infected patients and reducing morbidity. Cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcus gattii infections primarily affect the immunocompromised population and have high morbidity and mortality rates. Resistance to commonly used antifungals has been emerging, making it more difficult to treat these infections. Protease inhibitor components used in antiretroviral therapies have shown some clinical efficacy in these opportunistic infections, particularly in Major Aspartyl peptidase 1, an aspartate protease belonging to the same family of proteases as the HIV protease. To search for low molecular weight peptide ligands,...
|
|
| |
|
|
Analýza problematiky infekčních onemocnění (tuberkulóza a HIV/AIDS) v Keni a Etiopii
Sedláčková, Jana
This bachelor thesis is to analysis the effects of the following infectious diseases, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS, on the socio-economic development of Kenya and Ethiopia. The first part of the thesis describes what are infectious diseases and the general problems they pose to the society. The part continues to show the basic characteristics of the observed countries and gives an overview of the health care system in these countries. The second part of the thesis uses correlation analysis to find out the relationship between the following, incidence, prevalence, and mortality of HIV/AIDS on unemployment and Human Development Index and their effects on the socio-economic of Ethiopia and Kenya. The obtained results are thoroughly discussed with possible solutions to existing problems and recommendations made to combat the spread of infectious diseases and the improvement of the overall health care system in these two and other African countries. The preventive programs of both diseases of the given countries are also mentioned, as they prove to be one of the most suitable ways to limit the impact of these infectious diseases on the socio-economic development of Ethiopia and Kenya.
|
|
|
Epidemiological Analysis of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Czechia
Sekera, Jan Carlos
Sexually transmitted infections are among the diseases that are showing an increase and pose significant health problems, especially among the young population. They directly impact sexual reproductive health through stigma, infertility, cancer and pregnancy complications and can increase the risk of HIV. The dissertation focuses on the epidemiological situation of sexually transmitted infections in the Czech Republic. It seeks to supplement the missing data on this group of diseases and thus contribute by analysis to a better understanding of the development and current state in the Czech Republic. The work is conceived as a set of articles. Within the dissertation, the author introduces the context of his professional focus within the field of knowledge through published studies. The published studies that make up this dissertation focused on four critical areas of the issue of sexually transmitted infections: health literacy, socio-demographic analysis of injecting drug users, HIV testing at the time of the pandemic and regional differences The first set of included papers analysed HIV/AIDS health literacy levels. Knowledge of inequalities in health literacy is a crucial prerequisite for applying preventive measures. The second of the enrolled studies focused on analysing sexually transmitted...
|
|
|
Epidemiological Analysis of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Czechia
Sekera, Jan Carlos ; Dzúrová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Pikhart, Hynek (referee) ; Rob, Filip (referee)
Sexually transmitted infections are among the diseases that are showing an increase and pose significant health problems, especially among the young population. They directly impact sexual reproductive health through stigma, infertility, cancer and pregnancy complications and can increase the risk of HIV. The dissertation focuses on the epidemiological situation of sexually transmitted infections in the Czech Republic. It seeks to supplement the missing data on this group of diseases and thus contribute by analysis to a better understanding of the development and current state in the Czech Republic. The work is conceived as a set of articles. Within the dissertation, the author introduces the context of his professional focus within the field of knowledge through published studies. The published studies that make up this dissertation focused on four critical areas of the issue of sexually transmitted infections: health literacy, socio-demographic analysis of injecting drug users, HIV testing at the time of the pandemic and regional differences The first set of included papers analysed HIV/AIDS health literacy levels. Knowledge of inequalities in health literacy is a crucial prerequisite for applying preventive measures. The second of the enrolled studies focused on analysing sexually transmitted...
|
guest ::
